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Raised Bed and Square-Foot Gardening Basics

How to size a raised bed, fill it, and lay it out on a square-foot grid for a tidy, productive garden.

Raised beds give you control. You decide the soil, drainage is better, the soil warms earlier in spring, and there is less bending. They are the easiest way to get a productive garden going on poor ground or a small lot.

Sizing a bed

Keep beds no wider than four feet so you can reach the middle from either side without stepping on the soil. Length is up to your space. For depth, aim for at least ten to twelve inches, which suits most vegetables, and go deeper for roots and perennials.

Filling it

A roughly even blend of quality topsoil and compost makes a rich, well-draining mix. The soil will settle over the first season, so top it up with compost each spring. You do not need to buy special products; good compost and good topsoil are enough.

Plant by the square foot

Square-foot gardening divides the bed into a one-foot grid and assigns a number of plants to each square based on their spacing. One tomato per square, four lettuces, sixteen carrots, and so on. It keeps spacing simple and a small bed surprisingly productive. Dibble's bed planner does this for you: drag a crop into a square and it lays out the grid, using the same spacing data shown on every crop page.

Common questions

How deep should a raised bed be?

Aim for at least 10 to 12 inches of depth for most vegetables. Root crops and perennials appreciate more. Deeper beds hold moisture better and need less frequent watering.

What do I fill a raised bed with?

A blend of quality topsoil and compost, roughly half and half, gives a rich, well-draining mix. Top it up with compost each season as it settles.

What is square-foot gardening?

It is a method of dividing a bed into a one-foot grid and planting a set number of each crop per square. It keeps spacing simple and makes the most of a small bed.


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